How is Asthma Diagnosed and Treated?

According to the World Health Organization, asthma affected an estimated 262 million people in 2019. Characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, asthma leads to breathing difficulties, wheezing, and coughing. Diagnosing asthma includes a detailed medical history, physical exams, and specific tests. Understanding these steps is crucial for effective management. At Northeast Allergy, we offer comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options for people with asthma.

The Diagnostic Process

Diagnosing asthma involves assessing medical history, observing symptoms, and conducting specific breathing tests. These steps help healthcare professionals determine if asthma or another respiratory condition is causing breathing difficulties. The following explains these steps in detail.

Medical History and Symptom Evaluation

To start diagnosing asthma, doctors first review your medical history. They will ask questions to see if you have a history of allergies, episodes of wheezing, coughing, or difficulty breathing. They’ll also want to know if asthma or other respiratory conditions run in your family.

Understanding these details helps doctors identify potential asthma triggers and underlying causes, which is essential for creating an effective treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. This careful evaluation ensures management strategies are well-suited to your condition.

Physical Examination

After gathering your medical history and understanding your symptoms, the next step in diagnosing asthma involves a physical examination. During this examination, a doctor will listen to your lungs for any signs of wheezing, a common asthma symptom.

They might also check for a runny nose or swollen nasal passages, as asthma is often associated with other allergic conditions. The physical exam aims to find any physical signs that support an asthma diagnosis, further guiding the assessment toward specific tests to confirm the condition.

Pulmonary Function Tests

The next step in diagnosing asthma involves pulmonary function tests (PFTs), which assess lung capacity and airflow. The most commonly used tests include spirometry and peak flow monitoring. Spirometry measures the amount of air you can exhale after taking a deep breath, providing insights into any airway obstruction you might have.

Peak flow monitoring evaluates the speed at which air is expelled from your lungs, helping detect any narrowing of the airways. These tests are crucial for confirming an asthma diagnosis and are instrumental in determining the severity and best management strategies for the condition.

Allergy Testing

Beyond the steps mentioned above, doctors may also recommend allergy testing to identify any specific allergies that could be causing or exacerbating asthma symptoms. Allergy testing can help determine potential triggers for your asthma, making it easier to manage the condition and avoid those triggers. At Northeast Allergy we offer comprehensive allergy testing to identify and treat any underlying allergies contributing to asthma.

Treatment Approaches

Once the diagnosis is clear, developing a personalized treatment plan is crucial. Asthma treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing asthma attacks, with approaches tailored to each individual’s specific triggers and severity. Treatment methods include long-term control, quick-relief medications, lifestyle changes, and allergy management.

Long-term Control Medications

Long-term control medications are essential in asthma management, aiming to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms. Leukotriene modifiers block substances that cause asthma symptoms, and long-acting beta-agonists, used alongside corticosteroids, help relax airway muscles. The choice of medication and dosage depends on the severity of asthma and individual response to treatment.

Quick-relief Medications

Also known as rescue medications, quick-relief medications provide immediate relief during an asthma attack. These medications primarily include short-acting beta-agonists, which help relax and open airways to restore normal breathing. They are also used before exercise to prevent exercise-induced asthma symptoms.

Lifestyle Changes

Adopting certain lifestyle changes is an integral part of the management plan once asthma has been diagnosed. Key lifestyle changes may include:

• Maintaining a clean environment
• Quitting smoking
• Avoiding triggers such as pollution, pollen, dust mites, and pets
• Managing stress levels

Biologic Medications

Biologic medications are tailored for individuals with moderate to severe asthma who don’t respond well to traditional inhalers or other medications. These drugs target specific cells or proteins in the immune system that contribute to inflammation and asthma symptoms. By blocking these pathways, biologics can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, improve lung function, and enhance overall quality of life.

Allergen Immunotherapy

Allergen immunotherapy is an effective treatment option for allergen-induced asthma, particularly when specific allergens trigger asthma symptoms. This therapy involves gradually exposing the body to larger doses of allergens, aiming to desensitize the immune system and reduce its overreaction. Over time, this can lead to fewer asthma symptoms and reduced need for medications, providing a long-term solution for managing asthma triggered by allergens.

Breathe Better With Northeast Allergy

If you are seeking clarity and relief from asthma symptoms, our team at Northeast Allergy is here to help. We understand the complexities of living with asthma and are dedicated to providing you with personalized care and effective treatment plans. Book an appointment today to start your journey toward better breathing and improved quality of life.